| From
seething stars to peeved politicians, everyone’s doing anger
management. Ariel Leve finds out why it’s all the rage.
In the colossal list of things wrong with
me, being an angry person has never ranked high. I am impatient,
but I don't lose my temper. I am volatile, but I don't hit people.
I get angry over something I have little control over, but quickly
the anger turns into frustration. I'll grind my teeth at night
or develop a pain in my stomach, which means the frustration is
immediately sidelined by worry that I might have given myself
an ulcer. But then I remember I can't afford to have an ulcer,
so I am reminded that whatever I'm upset about isn't worth it,
and this, for reasons only a therapist could explain, is my form
of anger management. George Anderson has a different method. A
Harvard-trained psychotherapist turned entrepreneur, he virtually
invented the industry of anger management. Based in California,
his clients include Hollywood studios that send their angry stars
and executives to him, the Department of Defense and even the
vice-president's old company, Halliburton.
Anger is a booming business. Soon Anderson
will begin selling franchises abroad. So why now? Anger has been
around since the beginning of time, but behaviour that was once
tolerated isn't any more, by individuals, employers, courts and
legislators.
Anderson & Anderson has become the world's
largest provider for anger-management certification and classes.
When you hear about someone being ordered by the court, this is
where they are sent. George Anderson also provides "executive
coaching", where he works privately with CEOs, law enforcement,
movie stars - and now, me.
At the Los Angeles headquarters of Anderson
& Anderson, I am given two questionnaires. One is called the
"anger management map" and the second will determine
my emotional intelligence. My scores will be tallied and I will
meet Mr Anderson, privately, to discuss the results.
He is an affable man. He begins by making
the point that anger is a secondary emotion. There is always something
else that precedes the anger, and commonly it's stress, frustration,
disappointment, anxiety, shame, etc. "Anger is a normal human
emotion," he says. "Everyone experiences anger. It is
only a problem when it is too intense, occurs too frequently,
leads to harm of the self or others - if it leads to violence."
In other words, always?
"When you are tired, are you less patient
than when you're not?" he asks. I tell him yes. He asks if
I'm more likely to be irritable. Yes. "What about when you're
hungry?" Yes, I become tense and would lean towards being
less charitable to others. "So something came before the
anger and it's how you respond to it."
This seems obvious. What came before the
anger was not eating. How I responded to it? Having a sandwich.
But what about a more complex emotional minefield? Rapidly, I
fire off the what-ifs. "What if there is someone married
to someone mentally ill? Or an alcoholic? What if there is a family
member with a permanent disability?"
Anderson reiterates that you can't change
the feelings, you can only respond differently and change your
behaviour. Part of this is common sense and part is emotional
discipline. I have neither.
We go over my results on the emotional intelligence
scoring grid. I did well in self-awareness, emotional awareness
of others and creativity. But I scored abysmally low - as in the
bottom range of "CAUTION" - for resilience (defined
as an ability to bounce back and retain a hopefulness about the
future); trust radius (the degree to which I expect people to
be inherently "good" and an inclination to trust until
there is reason not to) and personal power (the degree to which
I believe I can meet life's challenges). Anderson tells me the
opposite of personal power is hopelessness and helplessness, and
based on the results of my tests, anger is the least of my problems.
This makes sense. If I have no reason to
trust, and no reason to be hopeful, then no wonder I'm not angry
- I'm always prepared to be disappointed. And if anger is the
result of unrealistic expectations, my expectations are so low
to begin with I have nowhere to go but up. So, as I see it, scoring
low in these areas is a good thing.
But Anderson isn't convinced. As I defend
my hopeless existence, I can see him begin to squirm. Hopelessness
is not exactly the control mechanism that he's advocating. The
more he tries to improve my trust radius, the more sceptical I
become. Just then, something occurs to me. Have I succeeded in
making the guru of anger management... angry? There is a moment
of silence while he stares at me. Speechless. But then he laughs.
"Well, you're from New York," he says.
There is no scientific proof that Anderson's
anger-management training and classes work. But they can't hurt.
The real question is whether there is any long-term and significant
change, since these classes are not treating the deeper issues.
Shame, fear, mental illness, pathologies - all of this must be
addressed in psychotherapy and counselling.
Having experienced a few hours of the executive
coaching, I am invited to sit in on one of the classes. A semicircle
of strangers are seated in a small room. They are breathing deeply
and following instructions from a relaxation tape. It's making
me jittery. I am the only one whose eyes are not shut, so I look
around. Five men, one woman.
Jessica, 21, dressed in black with dark
wavy hair and blue eyes, punched a police officer. Karl needs
tools to manage his stress. Richard, a soft-spoken middle-aged
dad in khaki trousers and a variety of pens in his shirt pocket,
was ordered to attend for 52 weeks by the court for being verbally
abusive to his ex-wife. He is in week 51. Each person has brought
their "anger log", where incidents that occurred during
the week are recorded and then discussed.
In this room, there are two posters on the
wall. The Wheel of Destructive Interactions, and the Wheel of
Constructive Interactions.
For the next two hours, one by one, episodes
where anger was displayed during the week are candidly shared,
and people are asked to identify the hostility, rage, avoidance,
manipulation, etc, on the negative wheel, and then refer to the
constructive wheel (expressing feelings, seeking compromise, stating
needs, etc) to pinpoint what they would have done differently.
Nobody is being told not to be angry, they are being taught skills
to manage anger.
Anderson & Anderson calls the shots
because there are no laws regarding anger management. The courts
rely on the company to set the standards - 26 weeks is the average.
For the client to gain something, he or she has to do the exercises.
The stress log and anger log must be completed every day, so they
learn to know in advance the situations that would stress them
out - and then do something about it.
Sean Coffey, a Brit, met George Anderson
after reading an article on him. His background was in psychology
and he's had various jobs, such as caddying, coaching football
and running a promotion agency. He plans to open an Anderson clinic
in London.
But will the British be able to speak as
candidly as Americans? He tells me: "They do find it difficult
to express their emotions, unless they feel aggrieved about something
in particular. Ironically, the higher up the social scale one
goes, and the more eloquent one would expect them to be - the
less likely they are to verbalise their emotions and so it stays
bottled up."
And just as it took years for the benefits
of psychology and psychiatry to filter through to Britain, Coffey
fears it may be the same for anger management. "I'm not sure
that British people are ready to pay for this service," he
says. "Also, admitting that one requires psychiatric or psychological
assistance is seen as a sign of weakness."
The difference between the types of anger
displayed and experienced by people in Britain and in the United
States has mainly to do with alcohol-related violence (the UK
beats the US) and weapon-related violence (the US is the winner
by far). The common ground is car-related violence, where both
nations have unrealistic expectations when it comes to traffic
and journey times.
Back in my hotel room and unable to sleep,
I turn on the television. There is yet another form of anger management.
It's called Star Wars. And the wisdom of Yoda is undeniable. "Fear
leads to anger, anger leads to hate, hate leads to suffering."
That's 52 weeks of class right there. |